In assessing the truthfulness and accuracy of an advertising claim or representation under Clause 1 of the Code, the concern is not with the intent of the advertiser or precise legality of the presentation. Rather the focus is on the claim or representation as perceived by the average consumer.

Council considered the comparative claim in the context of the general impression conveyed by the ad. A majority found the comparative claim unclear and understood that some may perceive the ad differently than intended by the advertiser. Indeed, the take-away by a minority of Council, emphasized by the visual, was a comparison of the vehicle against the two-wheeler category. Some Council members noted that the award rankings listed on the third-party organization website was against comparable size class vehicles, not against all other vehicles, which was not evident from the general impression conveyed by the ad. On this basis, the majority of Council held that the ad contained an inaccurate, deceptive or otherwise misleading representation in contravention of Clause 1(a).

A minority of Council found that the third-party award badge disclaimer was unclear and omitted relevant information under Clause 1(b) and 1(c), namely the specific category the comparative claim was based upon. However, this was not the prevailing view of Council.

When advocacy advertising is considered under the Code, Council is instructed not to evaluate the advertising based on their personal views of the subject. The Code does not prohibit or restrict any particular position or argument, provided that in communicating its message the ad complies with the standards of truthful, fair, and accurate advertising prescribed under the Code. Council considered whether the claim made in the advertisement was misleading under Clauses 1(a) and 1(e) of the Code.

In its analysis, the majority of Council found that the complaint should be upheld under Clause 1(a) and Clause 1(e) of the Code. Council was of the view that the general impression of the ad, inclusive of the visual of the ECG reading and the image of a baby, was that there was a fully formed heartbeat within the time frame referenced in the ad (very early on in pregnancy). In Council’s view based on revisiting the scientific evidence presented, the science did not support the claim and therefore the claim was misleading. In analyzing whether there was a violation of Clause 1(e), the majority of Council found that the evidence provided by the advertiser was inconsistent and some members questioned the veracity of the sources.

The Appeal Panel appreciated the advertiser’s response and carefully considered the further submissions in the advertiser’s appeal and reconsidered Council’s original decision.

Upon review of the material, Panel members unanimously found the advertiser’s submission not to be persuasive in warranting a departure from the initial Council’s decision under Clause 1(a); however, this was not the case under Clause 1(e).

The advertiser’s position was that the ad was indeed factual and based on science, and submitted two (2) additional sources to substantiate the claims and representations made in the ad about the beginnings of the fetal heartbeat.

The Panel considered the visuals together with the definitive claim about the timing of the fetal heart development. The Panel was of the view that the general impression conveyed by the ad was inaccurate, deceptive or otherwise misleading because it suggested that a fetus has a fully formed heartbeat within the time frame of development specified. The impression conveyed was that the heartbeat formed would generally be understood by the average person to be the “heartbeat” of a baby, as opposed to a sporadic electrical impulse (i.e. that would represent developing early stage embryonic activity). The ad conflated these two, which the Panel determined was misleading. Based on the Panel’s own due diligence from publicly available online sources, the consensus was that a fully formed heartbeat would not be formed within the time set out in the advertisement; therefore, the Panel unanimously found a violation of Clause 1(a) of the Code.

The Panel found that while there were inconsistencies between the evidence provided by the advertiser that created confusion, the evidence provided did seem credible and legitimate; and therefore, the majority of Panel members found that there was no violation under Clause 1(e) of the Code.

When advocacy advertising is considered under the Code, Council is instructed not to evaluate the advertising based on their personal views of the subject. The Code does not prohibit or restrict any particular position or argument, provided that in communicating its message the ad complies with the standards of truthful, fair, and accurate advertising prescribed under the Code. Council considered whether the claim made in the advertisement was misleading under Clauses 1(a) the Code.

Council considered what in their view, the consumer take away from the advertisement would be. The majority of the Panel was of the view that the advertisement, in tone and content, would be understood as a recitation of facts, as opposed to a statement of opinion. These Panel members thought that the advertisement communicated that additional vaccine doses were not necessary and were of the view that because the advertiser did not provide scientific evidence to support that position, there was a violation of Clause 1(a). A minority of the Panel was of the view that the advertisement was clearly a statement of opinion by the advertiser regarding the number of doses that were and would be recommended by Health Canada, and that they provided sufficient evidence to support their opinion. As a result, a minority of the Panel held that there was no violation of the Code.

Some members of Council were of the view that the general impression of the advertisement was that the speed set out within the ad was in Gigabits, despite using the acronym for Gigabytes. In their view, a reasonable consumer would assume that the speed provided was in Gigabits and not appreciate the nuance of the lowercase “b” as opposed to the capital “B” meaning two different speeds. Further, clarity to that assumption was provided by the voiceover in the ad that clearly stated that its speed was the same as the major internet service providers, which is in gigabits. Their view was that in this context, given the general impression of the advertisement, the technical error did not amount to a violation of Clause 1 of the Code. These Council members were of the opinion that the proper acronym should be used going forward.

Nevertheless, the prevailing view of the majority of Council was that there was an inaccuracy within the advertisement as the wrong units were included within the ad. As a result, the majority held that the advertisement violated Clause 1(a) of the Code.

In light of the complaint being raised, the advertiser adjusted the terms related to their offer.

The majority of Council was of the view that the language of the offer terms was not sufficiently clear, so that the description of the coverage was misleading. They held that the offer terms reference to calls made ‘back to Canada’ implied that calls received ‘from Canada’ were not included within the minutes allocation. The rest of Council was of the view that ‘incoming and outgoing calls within the US’ was sufficiently broad to include calls received from Canada when the customer was in the US. The majority of Council determined that there was a violation of Clauses 1(a) and 1(c) of the Code.

The franchisee did not provide a formal response to Council.

Council unanimously found that the advertisement contravened Clause 1(a) of the Code. Council agreed that the reference to the absolute claim ‘any’ implied that the discount applied to all food items listed on the menu regardless of the exclusions associated with the offer. Because the consumer was unable to take advantage of the offer on the specific days included in the advertisement, Council determined that the ad was misleading in contravention of the Code.

Council discussed whether #partner was sufficient to disclose a relationship between the influencer and the advertiser. Council also considered whether the inclusion of a personalized discount code within the post helped make the relationship more clear to consumers. Some members of Council thought it would be sufficiently clear that it was a sponsored post for regular users of the Instagram. The majority of Council held that the advertiser was not clearly identified within the advertisement in violation of Clause 1(f) of the Code. The majority of Council found that there was no violation of Clause 1(b), Clause 2 or Clause 7.

Council was of the view that the general impression conveyed by the advertisement was that the monthly internet plan was available broadly without conditions to Canadians at the advertised price. Even though the service was available as advertised in some areas of Canada, Council determined that it is important to address concerns of availability from the complainant’s perspective, and noted that the limitations on the availability at the advertised price were not included within the advertisement itself.  As a result, Council unanimously determined that the fact that the service was unavailable at the terms presented in the jurisdiction where the complainant resided was a violation of Clause 4, Bait and Switch, of the Code.

In addition, Council unanimously determined that the omission of material information rendered the advertisement misleading, with a deceptive price claim, in violation of Clauses 1 (a) and 3 (a) of the Code.

Council recognized that there was no intent to mislead. However, in assessing the truthfulness and accuracy of an ad under the Code, the concern is not with the intent of the advertiser. Rather the focus is on the general impression conveyed by the ad.

Council unanimously found that the advertisement contravened Clause 1(a) and Clause 1(b) of the Code. Council agreed that the addition of a ‘while supplies last’ disclaimer may have been helpful to alert consumers that the item may run out of stock quicker than its regular weekly promotions. However, Council determined that it would not have been sufficient to inform consumers that the item was excluded from its rain check and additional discount policy for out of stock items featured in the flyer.

A majority of Council members were also concerned that the ad did not fully explain the terms and conditions associated with its rain check and additional discount policy, nor did it direct consumers to where this pertinent information could be located. On this basis, the majority determined that the ad failed to fully explain the conditions and limits associated with the advertiser’s out of stock policy in contravention of Clause 5, which resulted in a deceptive discount in contravention of Clause 3(a).

Council considered whether the ad implied that the location would be open in time for the holiday being celebrated with the packages. Council noted that the language of the ad as well as the imagery of a completed spa conveyed the impression that the packages were available for use on that holiday at that location. While additional information related to availability of use of the packages was provided to consumers once they clicked on “shop now”, Council focussed on the four corners of the advertisement. There was no indication within the advertisement itself that the spa location was under construction or that there were any conditions on the timing of redemption of the packages at that location. As a result, Council unanimously held that there was a violation of Clause 1(a) of the Code.

A majority of Council held that there was a violation of Clause 4 of the Code in light of the fact that consumers could not purchase the item advertised because the packages could not used on the holiday advertised at the location advertised and there was no indication of these limitations within the ad itself. A minority of Council members felt that there was no violation of Clause 4 because the advertised packages were in fact available for purchase by the consumer. The consumer could gift the package on the holiday to be redeemed at a future date or at a different location.

Council acknowledged both the importance and necessity of having different points of view on issues of public debate, like the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, and that it is valid for the advertiser to take the position that the lockdowns have not been worthwhile. These issues are the subject of a live and reasonable debate.

In that light, Council considered the general impression conveyed by the advertisement under Clauses 1(a) and 1(e) of the Code. Specifically, the open question for Council was whether the leaflet gave off the impression of being the advertiser’s opinion or statements of fact. A majority of Council members found that it was not clear the leaflet represented an opinion piece. On the contrary, the leaflet contained many statements of fact, such as the assertion of Charter violations that have not yet been settled by a court, that a global agency has called for an end to the lockdowns and that COVID-19 has not impacted death rates in Canada. As such, the majority of Council found that the general impression conveyed from the leaflet as a whole was that the claims were factual and played upon fears to mislead the consumer about the lockdowns in contravention of Clause 11 of the Code.

Under Clause 1(e) of the Code, each claim, when put forward as a statement of fact, must be supported by competent and reliable evidence and the onus is on the advertiser to provide such support. Council was unanimous in its determination that the advertiser did not meet this requirement. Though in its submission to Council the advertiser stated its website contained support for its claims, Council did not find sufficient studies and data on the advertiser’s website. For these reasons, Council was unanimous in its decision that there was a violation of Clause 1(e).

A minority of Council members did not find a contravention of Clauses 1(a) or 11, as the advertisement’s general impression was that it was an opinion piece, without being fearmongering. However, this was not the prevailing view of Council.

In assessing advertising under the Code the concern is not with the intent of the advertiser or precise legality of the presentation. Rather the focus is on the general impression conveyed by the advertisement.

Council members unanimously agreed that the general impression conveyed by the article, through its look and feel, was that it was an editorial piece, and not sponsored content. Without clearly disclosing that the article was an advertorial and by alerting readers to watch for the upcoming articles of the series, members of the public may be misled into thinking that the content was written by an unbiased third-party.

On this basis, Council held that the article was presented through its content and format, in a style that concealed the fact that it was an advertisement in contravention of Clause 2 of the Code.

Council unanimously held that because the advertiser promoted a sale price during a promotional period, and that sale price could not be attained by the complainant during that promotional period, there was a violation of Clause 4 (Bait and Switch) of the Code. Council noted that the ad did not indicate that the offer may not be available at all locations or that participation may vary.